Modeling employment of university graduates
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WHAT IS IT?
This model is to answer following questions : 1- How do university-quality and industry-advancement affect the employment of university graduates? 1-1- What happens for the employment of university graduates if university-quality and industry-advancement are incoordinated? 1-2- What happens for the employment of university graduates if university-quality and industry-advancement are coordinated? 2- What are the most effective scenarios (parameters combinations ) to secure the highest rate of the employment of university graduates after graduation?
HOW IT WORKS
According to academic quality, universities are ranked into three grades of grade-1 (white), grade-2(cyan) and grade-3(gray).correspondingly, industries are ranked into three types of type-1 (high-tech with white color), type-2 (mid-tech with cyan color) and type-3 (low-tech with gray color) based on their advancement level.The core mechanism of employment is that the high-tech industries employ graduates of grade-1 universities, the mid-tech industries employ graduates of grade-2 universities and the low-tech industries only employ graduates of grade-3 universities.
HOW TO USE IT
"university-quality " is a slider for determining the quality of university system ranging from 0 to 100%.
"industry-advancement" is a slider for determining the modernity and technological level of industries of the country.
"spatial-spread switch " is On when the universities and industries are spatially spread and it is Off when they are concentrated in specific districs.
"num-of-industries" is a slider for determining the number of industries.
"unm-of-universities" is a slider for determining the number of universities.
"num-of-targeted-graduates slider" is for determining the number of graduates targeted for a 5-year period by ministry of education or other organizational planners.
"cap-of-hightech-industries" is a slider for determining the capacity level of high-tech industries.
"cap-of-midtech-industries" is a slider for determining the capacity level of mid-tech industries.
"cap-of-lowtech-industries" is a slider for determining the capacity level of low-tech industries.
THINGS TO NOTICE
"num-of-industries" slider depends on industrial district.
"num-of-universities" slider depends on university district.
THINGS TO TRY
Use "university-quality slider" and "industry-advancement slider" in the same direction and see unemployemet rate of university graduates.
Use "university-quality slider" and "industry-advancement slider" in the opposite direction and see unemployemet rate of university graduates.
Turn"spatial-spread switch" Off and compare unemployemet rate of university graduates whith when the switch is On.
in which parameter combination, the unemployment rate becomes as minimised as possible?
EXTENDING THE MODEL
Add a mechanism in a way that each industry can recruit graduates of each univesrity.
Add a mecahnism for entrepreneurship that when a unemployed graduate becomes 40 year old he or she try entrepreneurial activities ( with or withouth cooperation of other unempolyed graduates).
Add a mechanism for immigration that when a graduate can not find a good job, he or she immigrates to another country.
CREDITS AND REFERENCES
This model has been developed by Hossein Sabzian.He is a PhD student at Iran University of Science and Technology.His major interests include Agent Based Modeling, Statistical Inference, ICT industry, epistemology and history of physics and economics. You can email Hossein via 1-sabzeyan@yahoo.com 2-hossein_sabzian@pgre.iust.ac.ir
Comments and Questions
breed [ industries industry] ;; industry breed breed [ universities university] ;; university breed breed [ students student] ;; student breed industries-own [ ind-type ;; the types of industry including high-tech, mid-tech and low-tech capacity ;; the capacity of each industry type ] universities-own [ grade ;; the rank of university including grade A, grade B and grade C. ] students-own [ job? ;; when the student has a job, it is true otherwise it is false. age ;; the age of students if exceeding 100, the student dies gradu-period ;; the period of student graduation ranging from 1 to ....n ] globals [ value ;; a value for counting graduation period ] to setup ca resize-world -30 30 -16 16 ;; the size of world view ask patches [ set pcolor magenta] industrial-district ;; industrial district is established ( either spread or concentrated) uinversity-district ;; university district is established (either spread or concentrated) ask industries [ set-type set-capacity ] ask universities [ set-grade ] set value 0 reset-ticks end to go ;; a specified number of targeted graduates should be achieved over 5 years so universities are called for meeting this need. if count students < num-of-targeted-graduates-for-a-5year-period [ ask-universities-to-train ] ask students [ update-age ;; students update age ] ask students with [not job?] [ come-to-market ;; unemployed students come to market search-for-job ;; ;; unemployed students search for job ] tick end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;helper procedures ;; This is a core mechanism for connecting graduates to universities.In this a high-tech industry just recruits grade A students ;; a mid-tech industry just recruits grade B students and a low-tech industry only recruits grade C students. to search-for-job let target-industry one-of industries-here ifelse target-industry != nobody [ if [capacity] of target-industry > 0 [ if color = [color] of target-industry [setxy [xcor] of target-industry [ycor] of target-industry set job? true ask target-industry [ set capacity capacity - 1 ] ] ] ] [ come-to-market ] end ;; a gtaduate come to market to come-to-market rt random 90 lt random 90 if not can-move? 1 [ rt 180] fd 1 end to update-age if age > 21 [ set age age + 0.025 ] ;; since 40 ticks are 1 year if age > 100 [ die] ;; the limit of lifetime end to ask-universities-to-train let gra-target ( num-of-targeted-graduates-for-a-5year-period / 5 ) ;;; number of graduates per year if (ticks > 0 and (ticks mod 40 = 0) ) [ while [ gra-target > 0 ] [ ask one-of universities [hatch-students 1 [features] set gra-target gra-target - 1 ] ] set value value + 1 ] ; end ;; features of a student when he or she gets graduated to features set shape "person" set job? false ;; has no job set age 22 ;; is at 22. this is for bachelors and can be extended. set gradu-period value + 1 ;; his or her graduation period is chosen fd 0.5 end ;; universities grading system completely depends on the quanlity of universities. The grades range from A to C. to set-grade ifelse random-float 1.0 <= university-quality [set grade 1 set color white] [ifelse random-float 1.0 <= university-quality [set grade 2 set color cyan ] [set grade 3 set color gray]] end to set-capacity if ind-type = 1 [set capacity cap-of-high-tech-industries] if ind-type = 2 [ set capacity cap-of-mid-tech-industries] if ind-type = 3 [ set capacity cap-of-low-tech-industries] end to set-type ifelse random-float 1.0 <= inudstry-advancement [set ind-type 1 set color white] [ifelse random-float 1.0 <= inudstry-advancement [set ind-type 2 set color cyan ] [set ind-type 3 set color gray]] end to industrial-district ifelse spatial-spread? [ while [count industries < num-of-industries] [ ask one-of patches with [not any? turtles-here] [ sprout-industries 1 [set shape "pentagon"] ] ] ] [ ;set industrial-zone patches with [ pxcor >= 15 and pycor >= 8 ] while [count industries < num-of-industries] [ ask one-of industrial-zone with [not any? turtles-here] [ sprout-industries 1 [set shape "pentagon"] ] ] ] end to uinversity-district ifelse spatial-spread? [ while [count universities < num-of-universities] [ ask one-of patches with [not any? turtles-here] [ sprout-universities 1 [set shape "square"] ] ] ] [ while [count universities < num-of-universities] [ ask one-of university-zone with [not any? turtles-here] [ sprout-universities 1 [set shape "square"] ] ] ] end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; University Zone & industrial Zone to-report university-zone let unive-zone patches with [ pxcor <= -12 and pycor <= -5 ] report unive-zone end ; to-report industrial-zone let indust-zone patches with [ pxcor >= 15 and pycor >= 8 ] report indust-zone end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;Industrial Capacity to-report capacity-of-industries report sum [capacity] of industries end to-report total-capacity let high-techs (count industries with [ind-type = 1 ] * cap-of-high-tech-industries) let mid-techs (count industries with [ind-type = 2 ] * cap-of-mid-tech-industries) let low-techs (count industries with [ind-type = 3 ] * cap-of-low-tech-industries) report (high-techs + mid-techs + low-techs ) end
There is only one version of this model, created over 7 years ago by Hossein Sabzian.
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