Electrical Grids and Load Shedding
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breed [houses house] breed [generators generator] breed [Hz a-Hz] breed [frowns frown] undirected-link-breed [ cables cable ] undirected-link-breed [ roads road ] globals [potential poweredhouses unpoweredhouses poweredhousesfreq] houses-own [frequency capacity] Hz-own [location] to setup ca ask patches [ ;;make background white set pcolor white ] create-generators 1 ask generators [ ;;make generator set size 6 set shape "factory" set color black ] create-houses num-houses ;;make amount of houses according to slider set-default-shape houses "house efficiency" ask houses [ set size 7 set color 5 ] ask houses [ create-roads-with other generators ] ;;create links between houses and generator layout-radial houses roads (generator 0) ;;layout houses in a circle with generator in the center (need "road" links for this primitive) create-Hz 1 [ ;;places a Hz on the generator for visual representation of power generation set color yellow set shape "lightning" set size 3 set location generator 0 move-to location ] ask houses [ ;;change pcolor of house patches to red if pcolor = white [ set pcolor red ] ] ask roads [set thickness 0] ;;make roads less visible (only needed them for layout-radial) reset-ticks end to go if ticks < 4 [ ;;don't allow "go" to be repeated without setting up again normal-operations generator-failure tick ;;represents reaction time of transmission operator or tick ;;automatic fail-safe procedures load-shed stabilize ] end to normal-operations ask Hz [ die ] ;;get rid of Hz ask houses [ set pcolor red ;;here AND in setup so users don't have to click setup between load-shed back to normal operations ] ask houses [ set capacity (60 * num-houses) ;;capacity of generator during normal operations should allow it to supply 60 Hz to all customers ] ;;so capacity depends on number of customers ask houses [ set frequency (capacity / num-houses) ;;frequency of houses is an even distribution of generator capacity ] ask patches with [ pcolor = red ] [ ;;all houses sprout a Hz sprout-Hz 1 [ set size 3 set color yellow set shape "lightning" ] ] ask roads [ ;;links between houses and generator change color to indicate houses being powered set thickness 0.5 set color yellow ;;yellow roads represent transmission of target frequency ] change-color ;;update visuals tick end to generator-failure ask Hz [ die ] ;;get rid of Hz ask patches with [ pcolor = red ] [ ;;only powered houses have Hz sprout-Hz 1 ] ask Hz [ set size 3 set color red ;red Hz represent frequency too low set shape "lightning" ] ask houses [ set capacity (generator-capacity * (60 * num-houses)) ;;capacity of generator is a percentage (based on slider) of the frequency it should be able to provide set frequency (capacity / num-houses) ;;change frequency of houses based on new diminished capacity ] change-color ;;adjust visuals tick ;;plot frequency end to load-shed ask Hz [ die ] ;;get rid of Hz ask houses [ set capacity (generator-capacity * (60 * num-houses)) ;;change generator capacity based on slider if capacity < 60 [ ;;can't power any houses if capacity is less than 60 Hz set capacity 0 set frequency 0 set color red] ;;red houses aren't powered ] ask houses [ set potential (capacity / 60) ;;how many houses can be fully powered (60Hz) with decreased capacity show potential] ask houses with [ who <= (potential) ] [ ;;turns a number of houses green according to potential set color green set pcolor red ] ask houses with [ who > (potential) ] [ ;;turns the rest of houses red set color red set pcolor cyan ] ask houses [ set poweredhouses (count houses with [color = green] ) ;;green houses get power set unpoweredhouses (count houses with [color = red] ) ] ;;red houses get a blackout ask houses [ if color = green [ set frequency ( capacity / (count houses with [color = green] )) ;;frequency of powered houses is an equal distribution of available generator capacity ] ;;note: this value will be greater than 60 Hz, creating a peak on frequency graph ] ask houses [ if color = red [ ;;red houses are unpowered and therefore have a frequency of 0 set frequency 0 ] ] ask patches [ if pcolor = red [ ;;change visuals based on whether house is powered or unpowered sprout-Hz 2 ] if pcolor = cyan [ sprout-frowns 1 ] ] ask frowns [ ;;unpowered houses get a frowny face :( set shape "face sad" set size 2 set color white ] ask Hz [ set color blue set shape "lightning" set size 3 ] ask Hz [ ;;create links between Hz and generator create-cables-with generators ] ask cables [ ;;blue cables represent frequency being too high set color blue set thickness 0.5 ] ask roads [die] ;;roads no longer necessary tick end to stabilize ;;transmission operator decreases generation to only what is necessary to power as many houses as possible given maximum capacity ask houses [ ;;set frequency of unpowered houses to whatever remains after fully powering as many houses as possible if color = red [ ;;however, for purposes of the plotter, red houses are treated as if having 0 frequency and are not counted in average frequency set frequency ( (capacity - (60 * poweredhouses)) / (unpoweredhouses) ) ;;this is only for demonstration purposes to show how little the frequency of these houses ] ;;would be without stabilization if color = green [ set frequency 60 ] ] ask cables [ ;;yellow cables represent transmission of target frequency set color yellow ] ask Hz [ set color yellow ] tick end to change-color ask houses [ if frequency = 60 [ ;;fully powered houses are green with yellow roads set color green ask roads [ set color yellow] ] if frequency < 60 and frequency > 0 [ ;;houses that are only partially-powered (experiencing interruptions) are yellow set color yellow ask roads [ set color red] ;;red roads indicate power interruption ] ] end
There is only one version of this model, created about 1 year ago by Jane Antonas.
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