Veteran Radicalization Model

;; Simplified Veteran Military-to-Civilian Transition + 3T Extremism Model
;; NetLogo 6.x – calibrated to Ukrainian veterans, May 2025
;; © 2025, open academic licence
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globals [
  ;; transition thresholds
  tick-per-year          ;; number of ticks that represent one year
  partial-threshold      ;; minimum civilian identity for partial integration
  complete-threshold     ;; minimum civilian identity for complete integration
  centrality-cutoff      ;; maximum veteran identity centrality for complete integration

  ;; 3T extremism
  extremist-threshold    ;; threshold above which a veteran is considered at extremism risk

  ;; policy levers (hook to sliders)
;  pol-health-funding     ;; additional healthcare capacity
 ; pol-job-program        ;; probability of job placement
 ; pol-edu-support        ;; additional education/training capacity
 ; pol-housing-subsidy    ;; additional housing units
 ; pol-finance-benefit    ;; monthly financial benefit amount
 ; pol-spiritual-support  ;; spiritual support intensity
 ; pol-legal-aid          ;; probability of legal aid
 ; pol-anti-stigma        ;; reduction in public stigma
 ; pol-identity-coach     ;; identity coaching intensity
 ; pol-anti-prejudice     ;; reduction in prejudice transmission
 ; policy-locality        ;; How locally focused policies are (0-1, slider)

  ;; DDR Context
  ;conflict-intensity     ;; current intensity of conflict (0-1)
  remobilization-rate    ;; base rate of remobilization

  ;; Veteran Peoplehood variables
  veteran-group-count    ;; number of veteran peer groups formed

  ;; Societal dynamics
  ;media-event-chance    ;; probability of media event affecting veteran perception
  last-media-event-tick  ;; when the last media event occurred
  media-event-effect     ;; current effect of media events on public perception

  ;; Tracking variables for absolute counts
  integrated-count       ;; count of fully integrated veterans
  partial-count          ;; count of partially integrated veterans
  returned-count         ;; count of veterans returned to service
  extremist-count        ;; count of extremist veterans
  crisis-count           ;; count of veterans in identity crisis
  employed-count         ;; count of employed veterans
  unemployed-count       ;; count of unemployed veterans

  ;; Batch processing variables
  batch-size             ;; how many veterans to process per tick
  current-batch-start    ;; start index of current processing batch
  veteran-scale-factor   ;; scaling factor for visual representation

  ;; View mode
  ;view-mode              ;; Current view mode for patches (stigma, jobs, healthcare, etc.)

  ;; Visualization control
  show-links?            ;; Whether to show links
  ;show-labels?           ;; Whether to show labels
]

;; Define agent types
breed [veterans veteran]
breed [veteran-groups veteran-group]
breed [providers provider]
breed [employers employer]
breed [faith-centres faith-centre]
breed [community-groups community-group]
breed [hospitals hospital]
breed [universities university]

;; Veteran properties
veterans-own [
  ;; CORE: Military Transition Theory (MTT) - stage & trajectory
  stage              ;; current transition stage (approaching, managing, assessing)
  traj               ;; trajectory status (partial, complete, returned)

  ;; CORE: Dual-Salience Veteran Identity (Atuel & Castro 2018; Grimell 2024)
  identity-mil       ;; military identity salience (0-1)
  identity-civ       ;; civilian identity salience (0-1)
  identity-central   ;; centrality of veteran identity (0-1)
  moral-orient       ;; moral orientation (military vs civilian values)

  ;; CORE: 3T model of extremism risk factors
  prejudice-score    ;; Transmission-of-Prejudice score (0-1)
  trauma-score       ;; Trauma & Adversity score (0-1)
  transition-stress  ;; Transition Stress score (0-1)
  extremism-risk     ;; aggregate risk score (0-1)
  extremist?         ;; boolean flag for extremist status

  ;; UNIFIED: Well-being system (DiRamio's nine dimensions, 0-100)
  wb-physical        ;; physical well-being
  wb-mental          ;; mental well-being
  wb-social          ;; social well-being
  wb-family          ;; family well-being
  wb-work            ;; work well-being
  wb-housing         ;; housing well-being
  wb-finance         ;; financial well-being
  wb-spiritual       ;; spiritual well-being
  wb-legal           ;; legal well-being
  integration        ;; overall integration score (average of all dimensions)

  ;; Resource states (directly affect well-being)
  skills-civ         ;; civilian skills level (integer)
  education-status   ;; education status (none, enrolled, graduated)
  employment-status  ;; employment status (unemployed, employed)
  income             ;; monthly income (currency units)
  debt               ;; outstanding debt (currency units)
  housing-status     ;; housing status (at-risk, secure)
  legal-status       ;; legal issues status (none, pending, resolved)

  ;; Psychological resources and engagement
  resilience         ;; personal resilience level (0-1)
  coping             ;; coping ability level (0-1)
  spiritual-engagement ;; level of spiritual engagement (0-1)
  community-engagement ;; level of community engagement (0-1)
  looking-back       ;; tendency to idealize military service (0-1)

  ;; Transition dynamics
  transition-milestone-count ;; number of significant transition events experienced
  identity-crisis?          ;; boolean for whether experiencing identity crisis
  identity-crisis-duration  ;; how many ticks in current identity crisis

  ;; DDR Context Variables
  mobilization-risk        ;; risk of being remobilized (0-1)
  deployment-count         ;; number of times deployed/mobilized
  combat-exposure          ;; level of combat experience (0-1)

  my-group           ;; The veteran group this veteran belongs to (if any)
]

;; Social network properties
community-groups-own [
  community-resources   ;; resource level (0-9)
  community-acceptance  ;; acceptance of veterans (0-1)
  community-cohesion    ;; how connected community members are (0-1)
  community-influence   ;; radius of influence
  community-id          ;; unique identifier for this community
]

;; Patch (environment) properties
patches-own [
  jobs-available     ;; number of job openings
  clinic-capacity    ;; healthcare capacity
  training-seats     ;; education/training capacity
  affordable-units   ;; housing units available
  public-stigma      ;; level of public stigma (0-1)
]

veteran-groups-own [
  group-size           ;; number of veterans in the group
  group-cohesion       ;; internal cohesion of group (0-1)
  group-identity       ;; strength of collective identity (0-1)
  group-influence      ;; radius of influence
  group-militarization ;; how military-focused the group is (0-1)
  group-resources      ;; resources available to members (0-1)
]

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;; SETUP PROCEDURES
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;; Initialize the model

to setup
  clear-all
  reset-ticks

  ;; Set batch processing parameters
  set batch-size 10000  ;; Process 10,000 veterans per tick for performance
  set current-batch-start 0

  ;; Set scaling factor for visual representation
  set veteran-scale-factor 1000  ;; Each visual agent represents 1000 veterans

  ;; Initialize tracking counts
  set integrated-count 0
  set partial-count 0
  set returned-count 0
  set extremist-count 0
  set crisis-count 0
  set employed-count 0
  set unemployed-count 0

  ;; Set up globals
  setup-globals

  ;; Determine the right number of visual elements based on scale
  let visual-veterans 1000000 / veteran-scale-factor  ;; Creating 1000 visual agents for 1M veterans
  let visual-communities 50  ;; About 1 community per 10,000 veterans

  ;; Set up communities first
  setup-communities visual-communities

  ;; Set up veterans (visual representation)
  setup-veterans visual-veterans

  ;; Scale other resources based on veteran population
  let visual-providers round (1000000 / 500 / visual-communities / 2)
  let visual-employers round (1000000 / 300 / visual-communities / 2)
  let visual-faith-centres round (1000000 / 800 / visual-communities / 2)

  ;; Set up service providers with scaled numbers
  setup-service-providers-scaled visual-providers visual-employers visual-faith-centres

  let visual-hospitals round (max (list 15 (1000000 / 10000 / veteran-scale-factor)))
  let visual-universities round (max (list 12 (1000000 / 12000 / veteran-scale-factor)))

  ;; Set up specialized service providers
  setup-specialized-providers visual-hospitals visual-universities

  ;; Calculate initial statistics
  update-statistics

  ;; Visual setup
  setup-shapes
  update-visualization
end 

;; Set global variables and thresholds

to setup-globals
  ;; Time settings
  set tick-per-year 12       ;; Each tick represents one month
  set view-mode "composite"  ;; Default view showing all resources

  ;; Integration thresholds
  set partial-threshold 0.40 ;; Minimum civilian identity for partial integration
  set complete-threshold 0.75 ;; Minimum civilian identity for complete integration
  set centrality-cutoff 0.30 ;; Maximum veteran centrality for complete integration

  ;; Extremism threshold
  set extremist-threshold 0.70 ;; Risk threshold for extremist designation

  ;; Initialize policy levels (baseline)
  ;set pol-health-funding 5
  ;set pol-job-program 0.5
  ;set pol-edu-support 5
  ;set pol-housing-subsidy 5
  ;set pol-finance-benefit 2000   ;; baseline benefit UAH/month equiv.
  ;set pol-spiritual-support 0.5
  ;set pol-legal-aid 0.5
  ;set pol-anti-stigma 0.02
  ;set pol-identity-coach 0.2
  ;set pol-anti-prejudice 0.02
  ;set policy-locality 0.5

  ;; Societal dynamics
  ;set media-event-chance 0.05
  set media-event-effect 0

  ;; Conflict context
  ;set conflict-intensity 0.3
  set remobilization-rate 0.005

  ;; Visualization controls
  ;set show-links? false
  ;set show-labels? false
end 

;; Set up veteran agents

to setup-veterans [n]
  create-veterans n [
    ;; Position veterans more randomly around the world
    ;; Option 1: Random position with a tendency toward communities
    ifelse random-float 1 < 0.7 [
      ;; 70% of veterans start near communities but with wider spread
      let target-community one-of community-groups
      move-to target-community

      ;; Position with wider spread
      let rand-angle random-float 360
      let rand-dist 3 + random-float 6  ;; Larger distance range
      set heading rand-angle
      forward rand-dist
    ][
      ;; 30% of veterans start completely randomly
      setxy random-xcor random-ycor
    ]

    ;; MTT stage
    set stage "approaching"
    set traj "partial"

    ;; CORE: Identity initialization (Dual-Salience model)
    set identity-mil random-float 1
    set identity-civ random-float 0.2
    set identity-central 0.4 + random-float 0.4
    set moral-orient identity-mil - identity-civ

    ;; CORE: 3T risk factors
    set prejudice-score random-float 0.3
    set trauma-score random-float 0.2
    set transition-stress 0
    set extremism-risk 0
    set extremist? false

    ;; UNIFIED: Well-being initialization (0-100 scales)
    set wb-physical 50 + random 30
    set wb-mental 50 + random 30
    set wb-social 50 + random 30
    set wb-family 50 + random 30
    set wb-work 40 + random 40
    set wb-housing 50 + random 30
    set wb-finance 40 + random 40
    set wb-spiritual 40 + random 40
    set wb-legal 60 + random 30

    ;; Resource states
    set skills-civ random 5
    set education-status "none"
    set employment-status "unemployed"
    set income 0
    set debt 0
    set housing-status one-of ["secure" "at-risk"]
    set legal-status "none"

    ;; Psychological resources
    set spiritual-engagement random-float 1
    set community-engagement random-float 1
    set resilience random-float 1
    set coping random-float 1
    set looking-back random-float 0.3

    ;; Transition dynamics
    set transition-milestone-count 0
    set identity-crisis? false
    set identity-crisis-duration 0

    ;; DDR variables
    set mobilization-risk random-float 0.2
    set deployment-count 1 + random 2
    set combat-exposure random-float 1
    set my-group nobody

    ;; Calculate initial integration score
    calc-integration
  ]
end 

;; CORRECTLY FIXED SETUP-COMMUNITIES PROCEDURE

to setup-communities [num-communities]
  ;; Create evenly spaced community centers using a grid approach
  let sqrt-num ceiling sqrt num-communities
  let spacing-x world-width / (sqrt-num + 0.5)  ;; More spacing between communities
  let spacing-y world-height / (sqrt-num + 0.5)  ;; More spacing between communities

  let current-id 0
  let y-pos (min-pycor + spacing-y / 2)  ;; Start closer to the edge

  ;; Create all communities from observer context
  repeat sqrt-num [
    let x-pos (min-pxcor + spacing-x / 2)  ;; Start closer to the edge
    repeat sqrt-num [
      if current-id < num-communities [
        create-community-groups 1 [
          setxy x-pos y-pos

          ;; Add larger random offset for more varied placement
          set xcor xcor + (random-float 4) - 2  ;; Larger spread
          set ycor ycor + (random-float 4) - 2  ;; Larger spread

          set shape "house"
          set size 1
          set color blue

          ;; Each community has characteristics
          set community-resources random 10
          set community-acceptance random-float 1
          set community-cohesion random-float 1
          set community-influence 2 + random 2  ;; Slightly smaller influence

          set community-id current-id
        ]
        set current-id current-id + 1
      ]
      set x-pos x-pos + spacing-x
    ]
    set y-pos y-pos + spacing-y
  ]

  ;; Set patch characteristics with sharper falloff
  ask patches [
    ;; Find closest community center
    let nearest-community min-one-of community-groups [distance myself]

    ;; Only color and set resources if relatively close to a community
    let dist distance nearest-community
    let influence-factor 0

    if dist <= [community-influence] of nearest-community * 1.2 [
      set influence-factor max (list 0 (1 - (dist / [community-influence] of nearest-community))) ^ 2  ;; Squared for sharper falloff

      ;; Set patch stigma based on community acceptance (inverted)
      set public-stigma (1 - [community-acceptance] of nearest-community) * influence-factor

      ;; Set resources based on community resources and distance
      let base-resources [community-resources] of nearest-community / 10

      ;; Resources are concentrated near community centers with sharper falloff
      ifelse influence-factor > 0.7 [  ;; Only very near community centers
        set jobs-available round (2 * base-resources * (1 + random-float 0.5))
        set clinic-capacity round (1 * base-resources * (1 + random-float 0.5))
        set training-seats round (1 * base-resources * (1 + random-float 0.5))
        set affordable-units round (1 * base-resources * (1 + random-float 0.5))
      ] [ ifelse influence-factor > 0.3 [  ;; Medium distance
        set jobs-available round (base-resources * random-float 1)
        set clinic-capacity round (base-resources * random-float 0.5)
        set training-seats round (base-resources * random-float 0.3)
        set affordable-units round (base-resources * random-float 0.5)
      ]  [  ;; Edge of influence
        set jobs-available 0
        set clinic-capacity 0
        set training-seats 0
        set affordable-units 0
      ]
      ]

      ;; Only color patches with significant influence
      if influence-factor > 0.4 [  ;; Higher threshold
        set pcolor scale-color ([color] of nearest-community + 2) (influence-factor / 3) 0 1  ;; Lighter coloring
      ]
    ]
  ]
end 

;; Setup service providers with scaling

to setup-service-providers-scaled [num-providers num-employers num-faith-centres]
  ;; Create providers
  create-providers num-providers [
    ;; 70% near communities, 30% random
    ifelse random-float 1 < 0.7 [
      ;; Target a community
      let target-community one-of community-groups
      move-to target-community

      ;; Move to a position near the community
      set heading random 360
      forward 3 + random 3
    ][
      ;; Random position
      setxy random-xcor random-ycor
    ]

    ;set shape "circle"
    set shape "square"
    set color blue - 1
    set size 1.5

    ;; Increase local healthcare capacity
    ask patches in-radius 2 [
      set clinic-capacity clinic-capacity + 1
    ]
  ]

  ;; Create employers
  create-employers num-employers [
    ;; Similar positioning as providers
    ifelse random-float 1 < 0.7 [
      let target-community one-of community-groups
      move-to target-community
      set heading random 360
      forward 3 + random 3
    ][
      setxy random-xcor random-ycor
    ]

    set shape "box"
    set color cyan - 1
    set size 1.5

    ;; Increase local job opportunities
    ask patches in-radius 2 [
      set jobs-available jobs-available + 1 + random 1
    ]
  ]

  ;; Create faith centers
  create-faith-centres num-faith-centres [
    ;; Similar positioning as providers
    ifelse random-float 1 < 0.7 [
      let target-community one-of community-groups
      move-to target-community
      set heading random 360
      forward 3 + random 3
    ][
      setxy random-xcor random-ycor
    ]

    set shape "triangle"
    set color magenta
    set size 1.5
  ]
end 

;; Setup specialized healthcare and education providers

to setup-specialized-providers [num-hospitals num-universities]
  ;; Create hospitals
  create-hospitals num-hospitals [
    ;; 80% near communities, 20% random
    ifelse random-float 1 < 0.8 [
      ;; Target a community
      let target-community one-of community-groups
      move-to target-community

      ;; Move to a position near the community
      set heading random 360
      forward 3 + random 2
    ][
      ;; Random position
      setxy random-xcor random-ycor
    ]

    set shape "triangle"
    set color white
    set size 1.5

    ;; Increase local healthcare capacity significantly
    ask patches in-radius 3 [
      set clinic-capacity clinic-capacity + 2
    ]
  ]

  ;; Create universities/training centers
  create-universities num-universities [
    ;; Similar positioning as hospitals
    ifelse random-float 1 < 0.8 [
      let target-community one-of community-groups
      move-to target-community
      set heading random 360
      forward 2.5 + random 3
    ][
      setxy random-xcor random-ycor
    ]

    set shape "square"
    set color violet
    set size 1.5

    ;; Increase local training capacity
    ask patches in-radius 3 [
      set training-seats training-seats + 2
    ]
  ]
end 

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;; MAIN LOOP
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to go
  ;; Process the veterans in batches for better performance
  process-veteran-batch

  ;; Apply policy effects to the environment
  apply-policies

  ;; Update conflict and societal dynamics
  update-war-dynamics
  update-societal-dynamics

  ;; Conditionally update veteran groups
  if enable-veteran-groups? [
    manage-simplified-veteran-groups
  ]

  ;; Update social interactions for the current batch
  update-social-effects

  ;; Update statistics tracking
  update-statistics

  ;; Update visualization
  update-visualization

  ;; Move to next batch
  set current-batch-start current-batch-start + batch-size
  if current-batch-start >= count veterans [
    set current-batch-start 0  ;; Start over with first batch next tick
  ]

  tick
end 

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;; VETERAN TRANSITION PROCESSES
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;; Process a batch of veterans

to process-veteran-batch
  ;; Calculate range for current batch
  let batch-end min list (current-batch-start + batch-size) (count veterans)
  let current-batch veterans with [who >= current-batch-start and who < batch-end]

  ;; Process only veterans in current batch
  ask current-batch [
    ;; Core processes
    update-identity           ;; Update identity variables
    assess-and-seek-services  ;; Service-seeking based on well-being scores
    update-3T-risk            ;; Update 3T extremism risk factors
    evaluate-trajectories     ;; Update transition trajectory
    update-wellbeing          ;; Update well-being scores
    calc-integration          ;; Calculate overall integration score

    ;; Identity dynamics
    process-transition-dynamics
  ]
end 

;; Update veteran identity salience and centrality (Dual-Salience model)

to update-identity
  ;; Calculate factors that boost civilian identity
  let employment-factor ifelse-value (employment-status = "employed") [1] [0]
  let education-factor ifelse-value (education-status = "graduated") [1] [0]

  ;; Calculate civilian identity boost - 2% per factor
  let civ-boost (employment-factor + education-factor +
                community-engagement + pol-identity-coach) * 0.02

  ;; Add boost from psychological resources
  let psych-boost (resilience + coping) / 100

  ;; Add boost from milestone count
  let milestone-boost transition-milestone-count * 0.005

  ;; Adjust for looking-back effect
  let nostalgia-penalty looking-back * 0.01

  ;; Calculate final civilian identity change
  let final-civ-change civ-boost + psych-boost + milestone-boost - nostalgia-penalty

  ;; Update civilian identity (max 1.0)
  set identity-civ min (list 1 (identity-civ + final-civ-change))

  ;; Military identity decreases as civilian identity increases (max 0.0)
  ;; But looking-back slows this decline
  let mil-decay final-civ-change * 0.8 * (1 - looking-back / 2)
  set identity-mil max (list 0 (identity-mil - mil-decay))

  ;; Update veteran identity centrality based on gap between identities
  let gap abs(identity-mil - identity-civ)

  ;; Veteran groups increase centrality
  let group-influence1 0
  let nearby-groups veteran-groups in-radius 5
  if any? nearby-groups [
    set group-influence1 mean [group-identity] of nearby-groups * 0.01
  ]

   ;; Calculate how much centrality should decrease
  let centrality-decrease 0.01  ;; base decrease
  if gap > 0.5 [set centrality-decrease centrality-decrease * 0.5]  ;; slow decrease when gap is large

  ;; Update centrality
  set identity-central max (list 0 (identity-central - centrality-decrease + group-influence1))

  ;; Update moral orientation (military vs civilian values)
  set moral-orient identity-mil - identity-civ
end 

;; Service seeking based on well-being scores (replaces need flags system)

to assess-and-seek-services
  ;; Health services - seek if physical or mental well-being is low
  if wb-physical < 60 or wb-mental < 60 [
    try-clinic
  ]

  ;; Job seeking - seek if work well-being is low
  if wb-work < 50 and random-float 1 < pol-job-program [
    try-job
  ]

  ;; Education seeking - seek if work well-being is low and no job
  if wb-work < 40 and [training-seats] of patch-here > 0 [
    start-training
  ]

  ;; Housing seeking - seek if housing well-being is low
  if wb-housing < 60 [
    try-housing
  ]

  ;; Legal assistance - seek if legal well-being is low
  if wb-legal < 70 and random-float 1 < pol-legal-aid [
    resolve-legal
  ]

  ;; Spiritual engagement - seek if spiritual well-being is low
  if wb-spiritual < 50 [
    ;; Increase spiritual engagement based on support level
    set spiritual-engagement min (list 1 (spiritual-engagement + pol-spiritual-support))
  ]
end 

;; Try to access healthcare services

to try-clinic
  ;; Check if clinic capacity available
  if [clinic-capacity] of patch-here > 0 [
    ;; Consume one clinic capacity unit
    ask patch-here [ set clinic-capacity clinic-capacity - 1 ]

    ;; Improve physical and mental well-being based on needs
    if wb-physical < 60 [
      set wb-physical min (list 100 (wb-physical + 5))
    ]

    if wb-mental < 60 [
      set wb-mental min (list 100 (wb-mental + 5))
      ;; Also reduce trauma score when mental health services are received
      set trauma-score max (list 0 (trauma-score - 0.05))
    ]
  ]
end 

;; Try to find employment

to try-job
  ;; Check if jobs available
  if [jobs-available] of patch-here > 0 [
    ;; Consume one job vacancy
    ask patch-here [ set jobs-available jobs-available - 1 ]

    ;; Update employment status
    set employment-status "employed"

    ;; Improve work well-being
    set wb-work wb-work + 10

    ;; Add income (base + benefit)
    set income income + 1000 + pol-finance-benefit

    ;; Add milestone if first job
    if transition-milestone-count = 0 [
      set transition-milestone-count transition-milestone-count + 1
    ]
  ]
end 

;; Try to access education/training

to start-training
  ;; Check if near a university first
  let nearby-university min-one-of universities [distance myself]

  ;; If near a university, higher chance of success
  ifelse nearby-university != nobody and distance nearby-university < 3 [
    ;; Update education status
    set education-status "graduated"

    ;; Increase civilian skills more at university
    set skills-civ skills-civ + 2

    ;; Improve work well-being
    set wb-work wb-work + 8

    ;; Add milestone
    set transition-milestone-count transition-milestone-count + 1
  ][
    ;; Otherwise check regular training seats
    if [training-seats] of patch-here > 0 [
      ;; Consume one training seat
      ask patch-here [ set training-seats training-seats - 1 ]

      ;; Update education status
      set education-status "graduated"

      ;; Increase civilian skills
      set skills-civ skills-civ + 1

      ;; Improve work well-being
      set wb-work wb-work + 5

      ;; Add milestone
      set transition-milestone-count transition-milestone-count + 1
    ]
  ]
end 

;; Try to secure housing

to try-housing
  ;; Check if affordable housing available
  if [affordable-units] of patch-here > 0 [
    ;; Consume one housing unit
    ask patch-here [ set affordable-units affordable-units - 1 ]

    ;; Update housing status
    set housing-status "secure"

    ;; Improve housing well-being
    set wb-housing wb-housing + 10

    ;; Add milestone
    if transition-milestone-count < 3 [
      set transition-milestone-count transition-milestone-count + 1
    ]
  ]
end 

;; Try to resolve legal issues

to resolve-legal
  ;; Check if veteran has legal issues
  if legal-status != "none" [
    ;; Update legal status
    set legal-status "none"

    ;; Improve legal well-being
    set wb-legal wb-legal + 10
  ]
end 

;; Update 3T risk factors for extremism

to update-3T-risk
  ;; Calculate prejudice score
  ;; Base prejudice affected by local stigma but reduced by policy
  let base-prejudice-change [public-stigma] of patch-here * 0.01 - pol-anti-prejudice * 0.02

  ;; Identity gap increases prejudice vulnerability
  let identity-gap abs(identity-mil - identity-civ) * 0.01

  ;; Veteran group influence can increase prejudice
  let group-factor 0
  let extremist-groups veteran-groups in-radius 5 with [group-militarization > 0.7]
  if any? extremist-groups [
    set group-factor mean [group-militarization] of extremist-groups * 0.02
  ]

  ;; Update prejudice score
  set prejudice-score max (list 0 (min (list 1 (prejudice-score + base-prejudice-change + identity-gap + group-factor))))

  ;; Calculate trauma score
  ;; Trauma increases with low mental health, decreases naturally or with treatment
  let mental-health-factor max (list 0 (0.02 - (wb-mental / 500)))

  ;; Identity crises can trigger trauma
  let crisis-factor 0
  if identity-crisis? [set crisis-factor 0.02]

  ;; Combat exposure increases trauma vulnerability
  let combat-factor combat-exposure * 0.01

  ;; Update trauma score (natural recovery of 0.5% per tick)
  set trauma-score max (list 0 (min (list 1 (trauma-score + mental-health-factor + crisis-factor + combat-factor - 0.005))))

  ;; Calculate transition stress
  ;; Integration factor: lower integration increases stress
  let integration-factor max (list 0 (0.7 - integration / 100)) * 0.02

  ;; Resource factors: lacking resources increases stress
  let employment-factor ifelse-value (employment-status = "unemployed") [0.02] [0]
  let housing-factor ifelse-value (housing-status = "at-risk") [0.02] [0]

  ;; Identity factors: large gaps and looking back increase stress
  let identity-stress identity-gap * 0.02
  let nostalgia-stress looking-back * 0.01

  ;; Update transition stress
  set transition-stress max (list 0 (min (list 1 (transition-stress + integration-factor + employment-factor + housing-factor + identity-stress + nostalgia-stress))))

  ;; Transition stress decreases if integration is high
  if integration > 70 [
    set transition-stress max (list 0 (transition-stress - 0.05))
  ]

  ;; Add spatial clustering effects
  calculate-extremism-influence

  ;; Calculate overall extremism risk (average of 3 factors)
  set extremism-risk (prejudice-score + trauma-score + transition-stress) / 3

  ;; Set extremist flag if risk exceeds threshold
  ifelse extremism-risk >= extremist-threshold
    [ set extremist? true ]
    [
      ;; Can still become extremist through proximity, even if below threshold
      if not extremist? and random-float 1 < 0.05 [  ;; 5% chance check
        ;; Calculate extremist influence in surroundings
        let nearby-extremists veterans in-radius 3 with [extremist?]
        let extremist-count1 count nearby-extremists

        ;; Higher chance of becoming extremist if surrounded by others
        if extremist-count1 > 0 [
          let conversion-chance 0.02 * extremist-count1 * extremism-risk
          if random-float 1 < conversion-chance [
            set extremist? true
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
end 

;; Calculate extremism influence within communities

to calculate-extremism-influence
  ;; Extremists cluster together due to similar views
  if extremist? and random-float 1 < 0.2 [  ;; 20% chance each tick
    ;; Look for other extremists
    let other-extremists other veterans with [extremist?]

    ;; Move toward other extremists if found
    if any? other-extremists [
      face min-one-of other-extremists [distance myself]
      forward 0.5
    ]
  ]

  ;; Extremists increase local prejudice
  if extremist? [
    ask patches in-radius 2 [
      set public-stigma min (list 1 (public-stigma + 0.01))
    ]
  ]

  ;; Calculate spatial influence on prejudice (contagion effect)
  let local-extremist-count count veterans in-radius 3 with [extremist?]

  ;; Local extremist presence increases prejudice
  if local-extremist-count > 0 [
    set prejudice-score min (list 1 (prejudice-score + (0.01 * local-extremist-count)))
  ]

  ;; Communities can help reduce extremism risk
  let supporting-communities community-groups in-radius 5 with [
    community-acceptance > 0.6
  ]

  if any? supporting-communities [
    ;; Calculate mitigation effect based on community acceptance
    let mitigation-factor count supporting-communities * 0.02

    ;; Reduce prejudice and transition stress through community support
    set prejudice-score max (list 0 (prejudice-score - mitigation-factor))
    set transition-stress max (list 0 (transition-stress - mitigation-factor))
  ]
end 

;; Evaluate and update transition trajectory

to evaluate-trajectories
  ;; Only evaluate if not already returned to service
  if traj != "returned" [
    ;; Check for complete transition criteria
    if identity-civ >= complete-threshold and identity-central < centrality-cutoff [
      set traj "complete"
    ]

    ;; Check for partial transition criteria
    if identity-civ >= partial-threshold and traj = "partial" [
      set traj "partial"  ;; Maintain partial status
    ]
  ]

  ;; Chance of remobilization based on conflict intensity and mobilization risk
  if random-float 1 < (remobilization-rate * mobilization-risk) and traj != "returned" [
    set traj "returned"

    ;; Reset identity values for remobilized veterans
    set identity-mil 1                   ;; Full military identity
    set identity-civ identity-civ * 0.3  ;; Reduced civilian identity
    set identity-central 0.6             ;; Increased veteran centrality

    ;; Remobilization affects identity
    set looking-back min (list 1 (looking-back + 0.2)) ;; Increased nostalgia/connection

    ;; Increment deployment count
    set deployment-count deployment-count + 1

    ;; Update combat exposure
    set combat-exposure min (list 1 (combat-exposure + random-float 0.3))
  ]
end 

;; Track and process transition milestones and identity crises

to process-transition-dynamics
  ;; Check for identity crisis conditions
  ;; Random chance of crisis for veterans in partial transition with high mismatch
  if not identity-crisis? and traj = "partial" and abs(identity-mil - identity-civ) > 0.5 and random-float 1 < 0.02 [
    set identity-crisis? true
    set identity-crisis-duration 0
  ]

  ;; Update existing crises
  if identity-crisis? [
    set identity-crisis-duration identity-crisis-duration + 1

    ;; During crisis, identity is more volatile
    ifelse random-float 1 < 0.5 [
      ;; 50% chance of moving toward military identity
      set identity-mil min (list 1 (identity-mil + 0.02))
      set identity-civ max (list 0 (identity-civ - 0.02))
    ] [
      ;; 50% chance of moving toward civilian identity
      set identity-mil max (list 0 (identity-mil - 0.02))
      set identity-civ min (list 1 (identity-civ + 0.02))
    ]

    ;; Crisis increases transition stress
    set transition-stress min (list 1 (transition-stress + 0.05))

    ;; Crisis ends after 5-10 ticks or with strong community support
    if identity-crisis-duration > 5 + random 5 or community-engagement > 0.8 [
      set identity-crisis? false

      ;; After crisis, identity tends to stabilize in a new direction
      ifelse identity-mil > identity-civ [
        ;; Resolved toward military identity
        set identity-mil min (list 1 (identity-mil + 0.1))
        set identity-civ max (list 0 (identity-civ - 0.05))
      ] [
        ;; Resolved toward civilian identity
        set identity-mil max (list 0 (identity-mil - 0.05))
        set identity-civ min (list 1 (identity-civ + 0.1))
      ]
    ]
  ]
end 

;; Update well-being dimensions

to update-wellbeing
  ;; Physical well-being: natural decay offset by resilience
  set wb-physical max (list 0 (wb-physical - 0.05 + resilience * 0.02))

  ;; Mental well-being: natural decay offset by coping
  set wb-mental max (list 0 (wb-mental - 0.05 + coping * 0.02))

  ;; Financial well-being: based on income/debt ratio
  set wb-finance max (list 0 (wb-finance + (income - debt) / 2000))

  ;; Social well-being: based on community engagement
  set wb-social max (list 0 (wb-social - 0.03 + community-engagement * 0.1))

  ;; Family well-being: gradual improvement if social well-being is high
  if wb-social > 60 [
    set wb-family max (list 0 (wb-family + 0.02))
  ]

  ;; Spiritual well-being: based on spiritual engagement
  set wb-spiritual max (list 0 (wb-spiritual - 0.02 + spiritual-engagement * 0.1))

  ;; Work well-being: employment status affects it
  ifelse employment-status = "employed" [
    set wb-work max (list 0 (wb-work + 0.1))
  ][
    set wb-work max (list 0 (wb-work - 0.1))
  ]

  ;; Housing well-being: housing status affects it
  ifelse housing-status = "secure" [
    set wb-housing max (list 0 (wb-housing + 0.1))
  ]  [
    set wb-housing max (list 0 (wb-housing - 0.1))
  ]

  ;; Legal well-being: legal status affects it
  ifelse legal-status = "none" [
    set wb-legal max (list 0 (wb-legal + 0.05))
  ]  [
    set wb-legal max (list 0 (wb-legal - 0.1))
  ]

  ;; Cap all well-being scores at 100
  set wb-physical min (list 100 wb-physical)
  set wb-mental min (list 100 wb-mental)
  set wb-social min (list 100 wb-social)
  set wb-family min (list 100 wb-family)
  set wb-work min (list 100 wb-work)
  set wb-housing min (list 100 wb-housing)
  set wb-finance min (list 100 wb-finance)
  set wb-spiritual min (list 100 wb-spiritual)
  set wb-legal min (list 100 wb-legal)

  ;; Crises affect well-being
  if identity-crisis? [
    set wb-mental max (list 0 (wb-mental - 0.2))
    set wb-social max (list 0 (wb-social - 0.1))
  ]

  ;; Extremism affects community well-being
  if extremist? [
    set wb-social max (list 0 (wb-social - 0.1))
  ]

  ;; Update psychological resources based on well-being
  update-psychological-resources
end 

;; Calculate overall integration score

to calc-integration
  ;; Average of all nine well-being dimensions
  set integration (wb-physical + wb-mental + wb-social + wb-family +
                  wb-work + wb-housing + wb-finance + wb-spiritual +
                  wb-legal) / 9
end 

;; Update psychological resources based on well-being

to update-psychological-resources
  ;; Resilience correlates with physical and mental well-being
  set resilience max (list 0 (min (list 1 (resilience + (wb-physical + wb-mental - 100) / 2000))))

  ;; Coping correlates with mental and social well-being
  set coping max (list 0 (min (list 1 (coping + (wb-mental + wb-social - 100) / 2000))))

  ;; Looking back decreases with higher civilian identity and social well-being
  if identity-civ > 0.5 and wb-social > 60 [
    set looking-back max (list 0 (looking-back - 0.01))
  ]

  ;; Community engagement increases with social well-being
  set community-engagement max (list 0 (min (list 1 (community-engagement + (wb-social - 50) / 1000))))

  ;; Spiritual engagement increases with spiritual well-being
  set spiritual-engagement max (list 0 (min (list 1 (spiritual-engagement + (wb-spiritual - 50) / 1000))))
end 

;; Update social effects for veterans

to update-social-effects
  ask veterans [
    ;; Find nearby veterans (implicit network)
    let nearby-vets other veterans in-radius 5

    ;; Calculate social influence based on proximity
    if any? nearby-vets [
      ;; Identity influence from similar veterans
      let similar-vets nearby-vets with [
        abs (identity-mil - [identity-mil] of myself) < 0.2 and
        abs (identity-civ - [identity-civ] of myself) < 0.2
      ]

    if any? similar-vets [
      ;; Similar veterans with similar identities reinforce each other, but effect depends on identities
      ifelse identity-mil > identity-civ [
        ;; If military identity is stronger, boost centrality
        set identity-central min (list 1 (identity-central + 0.01))
      ] [
        ;; If civilian identity is stronger, reduce centrality
        set identity-central max (list 0 (identity-central - 0.01))
      ]

      set wb-social wb-social + 1
    ]

      ;; Extremism influence
      let nearby-extremists nearby-vets with [extremist?]
      if any? nearby-extremists and random-float 1 < 0.05 [
        set prejudice-score prejudice-score + 0.02
      ]
    ]

    ;; Community influence (implicit)
    let nearby-community min-one-of community-groups [distance myself]
    if nearby-community != nobody and distance nearby-community < [community-influence] of nearby-community [
      ;; Community influence on transition stress and engagement
      set transition-stress max (list 0 (transition-stress - 0.02))
      set community-engagement min (list 1 (community-engagement + 0.01))
      set wb-social min (list 100 (wb-social + 0.5))
    ]
  ]
end 

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; VISUALIZATION FUNCTIONS
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;; Set up shape for veterans and other agents

to setup-shapes
  set-default-shape veterans "person"
  set-default-shape veteran-groups "flag"
  set-default-shape community-groups "house"
  ;set-default-shape providers "circle"
  set-default-shape providers "square"
  set-default-shape employers "box"
  set-default-shape faith-centres "triangle"
  ;set-default-shape hospitals "triangle"
  set-default-shape hospitals "square"
  set-default-shape universities "square"
end 

;; Comprehensive visualization update

to update-visualization
  ;; Update veteran movement patterns
  update-movement

  ;; Update appearances
  update-veteran-appearance

  ;; Update patch colors
  update-patch-colors

  ;; Update labels
  update-label-visibility
end 

;; Update veteran appearance with visual encodings

to update-veteran-appearance
  ask veterans [
    ;; Base color indicates trajectory
    ifelse traj = "complete" [
      set color green  ;; Green for complete transition
    ][
      ifelse traj = "partial" [
        set color yellow  ;; Yellow for partial integration
      ][
        set color orange  ;; Red-orange for returned to service
      ]
    ]

    ;; Size indicates integration level but keep it smaller for less cluttering
    set size 0.4 + (integration / 300)  ;; Scale down significantly

    ;; Shape based on status
    ifelse extremist? [
      set shape "x"  ;; X shape for extremists
    ][
      ifelse traj = "returned" [
        ;set shape "circle"  ;; Circle for returned to service
        set shape "default"
      ][
        set shape "default"  ;; Default turtle shape for civilians
      ]
    ]

    ;; Employment status indicated by color brightness
    if employment-status = "employed" [
      set color color + 2  ;; Makes the color slightly brighter
    ]

    ;; Veterans in crisis have visual indicator
    if identity-crisis? [
      ;; Add a subtle indicator - outline
      set color color - 2 ;; Slightly darker
    ]
  ]

  ;; Make community centers more visible
  ask community-groups [
    set shape "house"
    set size 1.8
    set color blue
  ]

  ;; Make veteran groups visually distinct but simpler
  ask veteran-groups [
    ifelse enable-veteran-groups? [
      show-turtle
      set shape "circle"  ;; Simpler shape instead of flag
      set size 1 + (group-size / 30)  ;; Scale down for less clutter
      set color scale-color red group-militarization 0 1
    ][
      hide-turtle
    ]
  ]

  ;; Make providers visually distinct
  ask providers [
    ;set shape "circle"
    set shape "square"
    set size 1.3
    set color cyan
  ]

  ;; Make employers visually distinct
  ask employers [
    set shape "box"
    set size 1.3
    set color brown
  ]

  ;; Make faith centers visually distinct
  ask faith-centres [
    set shape "triangle"
    set size 1.3
    set color magenta
  ]

  ;; Make hospitals visually distinct
  ask hospitals [
    ;set shape "triangle"
    set shape "square"
    set size 1.4
    set color white
  ]

  ;; Make universities visually distinct
  ask universities [
    set shape "square"
    set size 1.4
    set color violet
  ]

  ;; Make veteran groups visually distinctive
  ask veteran-groups [
    set shape "target"  ;; Use target shape which has rings built-in

    ;; Size shows group influence and size
    set size 1.5 + (group-size / 10)

    ;; Color based on militarization
    ifelse group-militarization > 0.7 [
      set color red      ;; High-risk groups are red
    ][
      set color orange   ;; Normal groups are orange
    ]

    ;; Label shows size
    set label word group-size "vet"
  ]

  ;; Update veteran appearance based on group membership
  ask veterans [
    ;; If member of a group, show it
    if my-group != nobody [
      ;; Add a colored ring to show membership
      set shape "circle 2"  ;; Circle with ring

      ;; Color tint matches group color
      set color (color + [color] of my-group) / 2
    ]
  ]
end 

;; Update patch colors to show resource distribution

to update-patch-colors
  ask patches [
    ;; Default to a very light gray background
    set pcolor white - 1

    ;; Set the color based on the current view mode
    if view-mode = "stigma" [
      ;; Shows prejudice/stigma levels (red = high stigma)
      set pcolor scale-color red public-stigma 1 0
    ]

    if view-mode = "jobs" [
      ;; Shows job availability (green = many jobs)
      set pcolor scale-color green jobs-available 0 10
    ]

    if view-mode = "healthcare" [
      ;; Shows healthcare capacity (blue = high capacity)
      set pcolor scale-color blue clinic-capacity 0 8
    ]

    if view-mode = "housing" [
      ;; Shows housing availability (orange = many units)
      set pcolor scale-color orange affordable-units 0 5
    ]

    if view-mode = "education" [
      ;; Shows education availability (violet = many seats)
      set pcolor scale-color violet training-seats 0 5
    ]

    if view-mode = "identity-crisis" [
      ;; Get nearby veterans in crisis
      let crisis-vets veterans in-radius 3 with [identity-crisis?]
      let crisis-count1 count crisis-vets

      ;; Only color if there are crisis vets
      if crisis-count1 > 0 [
        set pcolor scale-color violet crisis-count1 0 5
      ]
    ]

    if view-mode = "extremism" [
      ;; Get nearby extremist veterans
      let local-extremist-count count veterans in-radius 5 with [extremist?]
      let total-veterans count veterans in-radius 5

      ;; Only color if there are veterans
      if total-veterans > 0 [
        let extremist-density local-extremist-count / total-veterans
        if extremist-density > 0 [
          set pcolor scale-color red extremist-density 0 0.7
        ]
      ]
    ]

    if view-mode = "communities" [
      ;; Color based on nearest community center
      let nearest-community min-one-of community-groups [distance myself]
      if nearest-community != nobody [
        ;; Distance factor
        let dist distance nearest-community
        let influence-factor 0
        if [community-influence] of nearest-community > 0 [
          set influence-factor max (list 0 (1 - (dist / [community-influence] of nearest-community)))
        ]

        ;; Only color if within influence
        if influence-factor > 0 [
          set pcolor scale-color ([color] of nearest-community + 2) influence-factor 0 1
        ]
      ]
    ]

    if view-mode = "composite" [
      ;; Darker = more resources overall (all types combined)
      let resource-level (jobs-available + clinic-capacity +
                         training-seats + affordable-units) / 4
      ;; Only color if resources exist
      if resource-level > 0 [
        set pcolor scale-color grey resource-level 5 0
      ]
    ]
  ]
end 

;; Better label management

to update-label-visibility
  ;; First hide all labels
  ask turtles [set label ""]

  ;; Show labels only if enabled
  if show-labels? [
    ;; For veterans, only label those with special status
    ask veterans with [extremist? or identity-crisis?] [
      let label-text ""
      if extremist? [set label-text "X"]
      if identity-crisis? [set label-text (word label-text "?")]
      set label label-text
    ]

    ;; For community groups, use community ID
    ask community-groups [
      set label (word "C" community-id)
    ]

    ;; For employers
    ask employers [
      set label "J" ;; Jobs
    ]

    ;; For faith centers
    ask faith-centres [
      set label "F" ;; Faith
    ]

    ;; For veteran groups, only show size if large
    ask veteran-groups with [group-size > 5] [
      set label (word group-size)
    ]

    ;; For hospitals
    ask hospitals [
      set label "H" ;; Hospital
    ]

    ;; For universities
    ask universities [
      set label "U" ;; University
    ]
  ]

  ;; In detailed view mode, show more info
  if show-labels? and view-mode = "detailed" [
    ;; Show integration score for completed transitions
    ask veterans with [traj = "complete"] [
      set label (word int integration)
    ]

    ;; Show more details for communities
    ask community-groups [
      set label (word "C" community-id " R:" int community-resources)
    ]
  ]
end 

;; Veterans move more purposefully toward resources

to update-movement
  ;; Only move veterans who need services or are in transition stress
  ask veterans with [wb-physical < 60 or wb-mental < 60 or wb-work < 50 or
                      wb-housing < 60 or wb-legal < 70 or transition-stress > 0.4] [
    ;; Determine movement strategy based on needs
    let target nobody

    ;; If needing health services, move toward healthcare
    if wb-physical < 60 or wb-mental < 60 [
      ;; Find patches with healthcare within reasonable distance
      let healthcare-patches patches in-radius 10 with [clinic-capacity > 1]
      if any? healthcare-patches [
        set target max-one-of healthcare-patches [clinic-capacity]
      ]
    ]

    ;; If needing job, move toward employment opportunities
    if target = nobody and wb-work < 50 [
      let job-patches patches in-radius 10 with [jobs-available > 1]
      if any? job-patches [
        set target max-one-of job-patches [jobs-available]
      ]
    ]

    ;; If needing housing, move toward housing
    if target = nobody and wb-housing < 60 [
      let housing-patches patches in-radius 10 with [affordable-units > 0]
      if any? housing-patches [
        set target max-one-of housing-patches [affordable-units]
      ]
    ]

    ;; If needing education, move toward universities first, then training seats
    if target = nobody and wb-work < 40 [
      ;; First try to find a university
      let nearby-universities universities in-radius 10
      ifelse any? nearby-universities [
        set target min-one-of nearby-universities [distance myself]
      ][
        ;; If no universities nearby, look for patches with training seats
        let edu-patches patches in-radius 10 with [training-seats > 0]
        if any? edu-patches [
          set target max-one-of edu-patches [training-seats]
        ]
      ]
    ]

    ;; Default movement: if still no target, move toward community centers
    if target = nobody [
      set target min-one-of community-groups [distance myself]
    ]

    ;; Execute movement
    if target != nobody [
      face target
      ;; Move slowly and with small random variations
      rt random 20 - 10 ;; Small heading change for natural movement
      fd 0.1 + random-float 0.2 ;; Slow movement
    ]
  ]

  ;; Extremists and veterans in identity crisis move differently
  ask veterans with [extremist? or identity-crisis?] [
    ;; Extremists may cluster together
    if extremist? and random-float 1 < 0.3 [
      let other-extremists other veterans with [extremist?] in-radius 10
      if any? other-extremists [
        face min-one-of other-extremists [distance myself]
        fd 0.2
      ]
    ]

    ;; Veterans in identity crisis move somewhat erratically
    if identity-crisis? [
      rt random 40 - 20 ;; More random heading changes
      fd 0.1 + random-float 0.3
    ]
  ]
end 

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; STATISTICS AND REPORTERS
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;; COLLECT ABSOLUTE STATISTICS

to update-statistics
  ;; Calculate absolute counts for trajectories
  set integrated-count count veterans with [traj = "complete"] * veteran-scale-factor
  set partial-count count veterans with [traj = "partial"] * veteran-scale-factor
  set returned-count count veterans with [traj = "returned"] * veteran-scale-factor

  ;; Calculate absolute counts for risk factors
  set extremist-count count veterans with [extremist?] * veteran-scale-factor
  set crisis-count count veterans with [identity-crisis?] * veteran-scale-factor

  ;; Calculate absolute counts for employment
  set employed-count count veterans with [employment-status = "employed"] * veteran-scale-factor
  set unemployed-count count veterans with [employment-status = "unemployed"] * veteran-scale-factor
end 

;; Reporter: Average integration score

to-report avg-integration
  report mean [integration] of veterans
end 

;; Reporter: Percentage of veterans with complete transition

to-report complete-transitions
  report 100 * count veterans with [traj = "complete"] / count veterans
end 

;; Reporter: Current simulation year

to-report sim-year
  report floor (ticks / tick-per-year) + 1
end 

;; Reporter: Average extremism risk

to-report avg-extremism-risk
  report mean [extremism-risk] of veterans
end 

;; Reporter: Employment rate

to-report employment-rate
  report 100 * count veterans with [employment-status = "employed"] / count veterans
end 

;; Reporter: Housing security rate

to-report housing-security-rate
  report 100 * count veterans with [housing-status = "secure"] / count veterans
end 

;; Reporter: Identity crisis rate

to-report identity-crisis-rate
  let crisis-count1 count veterans with [identity-crisis?]
  report 100 * crisis-count1 / count veterans
end 

;; Total veteran population (always 1,000,000)

to-report total-veteran-population
  report 1000000
end 

;; COMPREHENSIVE STATISTICS DISPLAY

to-report detailed-absolute-stats
  let stats-text ""

  set stats-text (word stats-text
    "TOTAL VETERAN POPULATION: 1,000,000\n\n"
    "TRANSITION STATUS:\n"
    "Complete: " integrated-count " (" precision (integrated-count / 10000) 1 "%)\n"
    "Partial: " partial-count " (" precision (partial-count / 10000) 1 "%)\n"
    "Returned: " returned-count " (" precision (returned-count / 10000) 1 "%)\n\n"

    "RISK FACTORS:\n"
    "Extremism: " extremist-count " (" precision (extremist-count / 10000) 1 "%)\n"
    "Identity Crisis: " crisis-count " (" precision (crisis-count / 10000) 1 "%)\n\n"

    "EMPLOYMENT:\n"
    "Employed: " employed-count " (" precision (employed-count / 10000) 1 "%)\n"
    "Unemployed: " unemployed-count " (" precision (unemployed-count / 10000) 1 "%)")

  report stats-text
end 


;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; POLICY AND ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;; Apply policy interventions to the environment

to apply-policies
  ;; Calculate global policy baseline effects (applied everywhere)
  let global-health-boost pol-health-funding * (1 - policy-locality)
  let global-edu-boost pol-edu-support * (1 - policy-locality)
  let global-housing-boost pol-housing-subsidy * (1 - policy-locality)
  let global-stigma-reduction pol-anti-stigma * (1 - policy-locality)
  let global-prejudice-reduction pol-anti-prejudice * (1 - policy-locality)

  ;; Apply global baseline changes to all patches
  ask patches [
    ;; Increase resources with global effects
    set clinic-capacity clinic-capacity + global-health-boost
    set training-seats training-seats + global-edu-boost
    set affordable-units affordable-units + global-housing-boost

    ;; Reduce stigma with global effects
    set public-stigma max (list 0 (public-stigma - global-stigma-reduction - global-prejudice-reduction))
  ]

  ;; Apply local policy effects based on community centers (if policy-locality > 0)
  if policy-locality > 0 [
    ;; Each community center distributes resources in its region
    ask community-groups [
      ;; Calculate local policy resource allocation
      let local-health-boost pol-health-funding * policy-locality * (community-resources / 10)
      let local-edu-boost pol-edu-support * policy-locality * (community-resources / 10)
      let local-housing-boost pol-housing-subsidy * policy-locality * (community-resources / 10)

      ;; Calculate local stigma reduction
      let local-stigma-reduction pol-anti-stigma * policy-locality * community-acceptance
      let local-prejudice-reduction pol-anti-prejudice * policy-locality * community-acceptance

      ;; Apply local policy effects within influence radius
      ask patches in-radius community-influence [
        ;; Effect diminishes with distance
        let distance-factor max (list 0 (1 - (distance myself / [community-influence] of myself)))

        ;; Add resources scaled by distance
        set clinic-capacity clinic-capacity + local-health-boost * distance-factor
        set training-seats training-seats + local-edu-boost * distance-factor
        set affordable-units affordable-units + local-housing-boost * distance-factor

        ;; Reduce stigma scaled by distance
        set public-stigma max (list 0 (public-stigma -
                                     local-stigma-reduction * distance-factor -
                                     local-prejudice-reduction * distance-factor))
      ]
    ]
  ]

  ;; Apply regional effects to employers (boost job availability)
  ask employers [
    let job-effect pol-job-program * (1 + policy-locality)
    ask patches in-radius 3 [
      set jobs-available jobs-available + job-effect / 3
    ]
  ]

  ;; Apply regional effects to faith centres (spiritual support)
  ask faith-centres [
    let spiritual-effect pol-spiritual-support * (1 + policy-locality)
    let faith-radius 3 + round (2 * policy-locality)

    ask veterans in-radius faith-radius [
      set spiritual-engagement min (list 1 (spiritual-engagement + spiritual-effect / 10))
    ]
  ]
end 

;; Update conflict context

to update-war-dynamics
  ;; Simulate fluctuations in conflict intensity (occasional spikes)
  ifelse random-float 1 < 0.05 [  ;; 5% chance each tick
    set war-intensity min (list 1 (precision (war-intensity + random-float 0.2) 2))
  ] [
    set war-intensity max (list 0 (precision (war-intensity - 0.01) 2))  ;; Gradual decline
  ]

  ;; Adjust remobilization rate based on conflict intensity
  set remobilization-rate 0.005 + (war-intensity * 0.02)

  ;; Conflict affects public perception of veterans
  ask patches [
    ;; Higher conflict makes public more supportive (less stigma) of veterans
    set public-stigma max (list 0 (public-stigma - (war-intensity * 0.01)))
  ]

  ;; During high conflict periods, resources may be diverted to military
  if war-intensity > 0.7 [
    ;; Reduce civilian resources during high intensity conflict
    ask patches [
      set jobs-available max (list 0 (jobs-available - 0.2))
      set affordable-units max (list 0 (affordable-units - 0.1))
    ]
  ]
end 

;; Process societal attitude dynamics and media events

to update-societal-dynamics
  ;; Random chance of media event
  if random-float 1 < media-event-chance [
    ;; A media event occurs
    set last-media-event-tick ticks

    ;; Determine type of event
    ifelse random-float 1 < 0.5 [
      ;; Positive event (successful veteran stories, heroism)
      set media-event-effect random-float 0.2

      ;; Reduce public stigma
      ask patches [
        set public-stigma max (list 0 (public-stigma - media-event-effect))
      ]
    ] [
      ;; Negative event (veteran crime, extremism incident)
      set media-event-effect random-float -0.3

      ;; Increase public stigma
      ask patches [
        set public-stigma min (list 1 (public-stigma - media-event-effect))
      ]
    ]
  ]

  ;; Media effect decays over time
  if media-event-effect != 0 [
    set media-event-effect media-event-effect * 0.9

    ;; Reset when effectively zero
    if abs media-event-effect < 0.01 [
      set media-event-effect 0
    ]
  ]

  ;; Extremism impacts public perception
  let extremist-count1 count veterans with [extremist?]
  if extremist-count1 > 0 [
    let extremist-percentage extremist-count1 / count veterans

    ;; Extremism increases public stigma
    ask patches [
      set public-stigma min (list 1 (public-stigma + (extremist-percentage * 0.1)))
    ]
  ]
end 

;; Create explicit membership assignments

to assign-group-memberships
  ;; Clear existing memberships
  ask veterans [set my-group nobody]

  ;; Assign members to each group based on proximity and identity
  ask veteran-groups [
    let potential-members veterans in-radius group-influence with [
      ;; Within influence radius
      distance myself < [group-influence] of myself and
      ;; No group yet
      my-group = nobody and
      ;; Similar identity profile
      abs (identity-mil - [group-militarization] of myself) < 0.3 and
      identity-central > 0.4
    ]

    ;; Assign up to 10 members
    ask up-to-n-of 10 potential-members [
      set my-group myself
    ]

    ;; Update group size
    set group-size count veterans with [my-group = myself]
  ]
end 

;; Simplified veteran group management with cleaner visualization

to manage-simplified-veteran-groups
  ;; First, remove groups that are too small
  ask veteran-groups with [count veterans in-radius 3 < 3] [die]

  ;; Limited creation of new groups (only up to 5 total)
  if random-float 1 < 0.05 and count veteran-groups < 5 [
    ;; Find significant clusters of veterans with high centrality
    let potential-sites patches with [
      count veterans-on neighbors > 5 and
      not any? veteran-groups in-radius 7
    ]

    ;; Create a group at one of these sites if found
    if any? potential-sites [
      ask one-of potential-sites [
        sprout-veteran-groups 1 [
          set shape "circle"  ;; Simple circle shape
          set color red
          set size 2.5        ;; Larger, more visible
          set group-size count veterans in-radius 3
          set group-militarization mean [identity-mil] of veterans in-radius 3
          set group-identity mean [identity-central] of veterans in-radius 3
          set group-influence 4
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]

  ;; Update existing groups with simplified visualization
  ask veteran-groups [
    ;; Count nearby veterans
    set group-size count veterans in-radius 3

    ;; Update group attributes
    set group-militarization mean [identity-mil] of veterans in-radius 3
    set group-identity mean [identity-central] of veterans in-radius 3

    ;; Simple circle shape
    set shape "circle"

    ;; Size based on group size, but with better scaling
    set size 1.5 + (group-size / 10)

    ;; Color ranges from yellow (civilian-oriented) to red (military-oriented)
    set color scale-color red group-militarization 0 1

    ;; Influence nearby veterans
    ask veterans in-radius group-influence [
      ;; Reinforces veteran identity
      set identity-central identity-central + 0.01

      ;; Highly militarized groups increase prejudice
      if [group-militarization] of myself > 0.7 [
        set prejudice-score prejudice-score + 0.01
      ]
    ]
  ]
end